Interests.
نویسنده
چکیده
t the time that Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the party’s monopoly position in the political sphere, and its rationale for playing the dominant role in economic and social arrangements, centered on a single thesis—one that had been prominently stated and emphatically endorsed since Lenin’s time. The party so fully represented the people’s will, it was held, that “the interests of the people and the interests of the Party are one.”1 More specifically, as party leaders emphasized repeatedly, the interests of the working class were preeminent. The entire society was expected to promote working class interests unswervingly. Kirill Mazurov presented a typical statement of this doctrine during the 1968 anniversary celebrations, declaring that “in the Soviet state there is not, and there cannot be, any social group which would have the privilege of evaluating its own activity otherwise than from the viewpoint of the aims and political interests of the working class.”2 With this doctrine as the mainstay of party control, Vladimir Mau observes, when any reforms were introduced they were expected to support “the illusion about the existence of a broad unity throughout the entire society.”3 Gorbachev broke with this orthodoxy. From the beginning of his tenure as general secretary and even earlier, he insistently drew attention to interest divergence in Soviet society—at first, in an effort to pursue the hoped-for homogeneity of advanced socialism, but soon in an attempt to make divergences of interest a lever in his restructuring campaign. Early in this effort, Gorbachev began bringing interests in to dilute the power of opponents to reform. The interests that came to the fore in this effort were, in addition to the public interest that he often mentioned, also interests of work collectives, ethnic groups, and others. It was thus that Gorbachev broadened the acceptable range of interest articulation and representation in the USSR. A
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The ocular surface
دوره 15 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017